FTP vs SFTP vs FTPS: ports and safety
FTP uses TCP 21 plus a separate data channel, FTPS adds TLS, SFTP rides SSH on port 22. Which ports to open, and why plain FTP leaks your password.
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FTP passive mode: why your firewall breaks it
FTP logs in fine and then the directory listing hangs. The data channel needs its own ports. Here is the passive range to declare, and the firewall rule.
File transfer protocols, from Kermit to rsync
Kermit turns 45 and just shipped a new release. The story of file transfer, from noisy phone lines to FTP behind NAT, and why rsync and SFTP won.
Restic backups: get your VPS data off the box
Restic sends encrypted, deduplicated backups from your VPS to another server or object storage, on a nightly timer, with a restore drill that proves it.